Test on Principles of Secondary Facial Reconstruction

Question 1: A forehead flap is never used for nasal resurfacing in secondary facial reconstruction.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: In Case example 2, it is explicitly stated that the patient's nose was reconstructed with a forehead flap for nasal resurfacing.

Question 2: Which statement best describes the purpose of prefabrication as an adjunctive technique in facial reconstruction?

A. To restore adequate bony platforms for dental rehabilitation.

B. To bring in additional tissue, potentially avoiding extra free tissue transfers.

C. To replace 'like with like' by using soft tissues for soft tissue defects and bone for bone defects.

D. To restore functional movement of facial muscles with free muscle transfers.

Explanation: Prefabrication is described as an adjunctive technique that helps 'bring in additional tissue, saving her from an additional free tissue transfer.' This is seen in Case example 1, where right neck skin is prefabricated for upper lip reconstruction.

Question 3: Gastric mucosa is a commonly preferred nonkeratinized tissue for vermilion reconstruction due to its consistent success and lack of complications.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that in the early days of vermilion reconstruction, jejunal and gastric mucosa were attempted but 'were fraught with problems,' and that 'The use of gastric mucosa in particular can be hypersecretory and its acidic contents ulcerogenic,' indicating it is not a preferred option due to complications.

Question 4: The submental flap is generally considered unreliable for reconstructing larger mucosal defects involving the floor of the mouth.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that the submental flap "is generally very reliable" for larger mucosal defects involving the floor of the mouth.

Question 5: According to the provided reconstructive plan for a patient with full-thickness lip loss, for which specific part of the lip was a radial forearm free flap utilized or planned?

A. Upper lip

B. Lower lip

C. Vermilion

D. Combined upper and lower lip

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state, 'A radial forearm free flap is planned for lower lip reconstruction' and 'The lower lip and chin were reconstructed with free folded radial forearm flap.' For the upper lip, a prefabricated neck flap was planned.