Flashcards on Principles of Secondary Facial Reconstruction
Principles of Secondary Facial Reconstruction for Students
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Facial reconstruction procedures
39 cards
Card 1
Question: What are key principles to guide secondary facial reconstruction cases?
Answer: Comprehensive diagnosis from the outset; plan for multistage reconstruction from the start; use modeling techniques (eg, alginate) to plan tissue; con
Card 2
Question: Why is planning for multiple stages important in facial reconstruction?
Answer: Multiple operations are often required to reach an acceptable outcome; planning from the start sets realistic goals and allows modification on an "as
Card 3
Question: How can alginate be used intraoperatively in complex facial reconstruction?
Answer: Alginate moulage models three-dimensional volume loss and can be converted to a two-dimensional donor-site defect that can later be folded to recreate
Card 4
Question: What is the FAMM flap used for in facial reconstruction?
Answer: The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap is used for oronasal mucosal defects and specifically for lip and vermilion reconstruction because it has
Card 5
Question: When should a forehead flap be used in staged facial reconstruction?
Answer: A delayed forehead flap can be used for resurfacing larger cheek defects and reconstructions requiring mustache/hair-bearing coverage, performed after
Card 6
Question: What role do local flaps play in secondary reconstruction?
Answer: Local flaps are used secondarily to provide better color match and hair-bearing segments for improved aesthetic integration.
Card 7
Question: What considerations apply to reconstructing the bony platform in facial reconstruction?
Answer: Reconstruction should aim for a stable bony platform with dental implants in place when indicated to restore form and function.
Card 8
Question: What is recommended about timing between staged procedures?
Answer: Allow healing, resolution of swelling, and scar maturation before undertaking further tertiary procedures to optimize outcomes.
Card 9
Question: How many secondary revisions might be needed depending on defect complexity?
Answer: For relatively simple defects 2–3 revisions may suffice; for more complex defects revisions can exceed 20–30 operations.
Card 10
Question: How should surgeons prepare for complications or failure of a chosen reconstructive plan?
Answer: Each plan should include alternative options or 'lifeboats'—backup reconstructive strategies—especially important in irradiated or scarred tissues wit