Flashcards de Estabilidade Química e Ligações Iônicas

Estabilidade Química e Ligações Iônicas: Guia Completo para Estudantes

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What is a chemical bond (ligação química)?

A combination between atoms that forms when the arrangement of their nuclei and electrons has lower energy than the separate atoms, resulting in great

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Ionic Bonding

10 cartões

Cartão 1

Pergunta: What is a chemical bond (ligação química)?

Resposta: A combination between atoms that forms when the arrangement of their nuclei and electrons has lower energy than the separate atoms, resulting in great

Cartão 2

Pergunta: Why do atoms form bonds according to the stability rule?

Resposta: Atoms bond so the resulting arrangement has lower energy and greater stability; most elements are found bonded except noble gases which have stable el

Cartão 3

Pergunta: What is an ionic bond (ligação iônica)?

Resposta: A bond formed by electrostatic attraction between cations and anions.

Cartão 4

Pergunta: How are ions defined in terms of protons and electrons?

Resposta: Ions are atoms (or groups of atoms) with unequal numbers of electrons and protons: cations have fewer electrons than protons (positive charge); anions

Cartão 5

Pergunta: Between which kinds of elements does an ionic bond normally occur?

Resposta: Ionic bonds normally occur between a metal and a nonmetal, or between a metal and hydrogen.

Cartão 6

Pergunta: What are alternative names given to ionic bonding in the text?

Resposta: Ionic bonding is also called electrovalent or heteropolar bonding.

Cartão 7

Pergunta: What tendency do metals show regarding electrons in ionic bond formation?

Resposta: Metals have a greater tendency to lose (cede) electrons and form cations.

Cartão 8

Pergunta: What tendency do nonmetals (ametals) show regarding electrons in ionic bond formation?

Resposta: Nonmetals tend to gain (receive) electrons, forming negative ions called anions.

Cartão 9

Pergunta: Give an example mentioned that illustrates ionic species present in nature.

Resposta: Sodium chloride (NaCl) from seawater, where Na+ and Cl- already exist as ions.

Cartão 10

Pergunta: According to the text, can you determine the original owner of an electron transferred during ionic bond formation?

Resposta: No — once ions form and bond (e.g., Na+ and Cl- in NaCl), there is no way to determine whether a particular electron originally belonged to one atom o