Flashcards on Retinal and Uveal Disorders in Ophthalmology
Retinal and Uveal Disorders in Ophthalmology Explained
Tap to flip · Swipe to navigate
White dot syndromes overview
69 cards
Card 1
Question: What are White Dot Syndromes (WDS)?
Answer: A group of idiopathic inflammatory chorioretinopathies characterized by whitish‑yellow lesions in the choroid, RPE, choriocapillaris and/or sensory re
Card 2
Question: What tissues are primarily involved in WDS lesions?
Answer: Choroid, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris and/or sensory retina (and sometimes vitreous).
Card 3
Question: Are White Dot Syndromes considered infectious diseases?
Answer: As a group they are considered idiopathic inflammatory (not infectious); individual entities may be suspected of infectious triggers but no consistent
Card 4
Question: What underlying mechanism is presumed for WDS?
Answer: An autoimmune mechanism is presumed (immune reaction to choriocapillaris/RPE in predisposed individuals).
Card 5
Question: What common clinical finding unites the WDS group?
Answer: The presence of multiple yellow‑white lesions (white dots) at some point in the disease course—though not every entity always shows obvious 'white dot
Card 6
Question: How are WDS generally diagnosed?
Answer: Based on medical history, demographics, clinical exam and ancillary testing (FA, ICGA, FAF, OCT, electrodiagnostics, labs, clinical course).
Card 7
Question: What are general management options for WDS?
Answer: Observation, local or systemic steroids, immunomodulatory agents, laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy depending on the entity and complicat
Card 8
Question: Which WDS is typically unilateral?
Answer: Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) is typically unilateral.
Card 9
Question: Which WDS conditions are listed in this overview?
Answer: MEWDS, AZOOR, APMPPE, PIC, Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP), ARPE (acute retinal pigment epitheliitis/Krill's disease), Birdshot retinochor
Card 10
Question: Which WDS are more common in younger patients and which in older?
Answer: Most WDS affect younger patients; exceptions include Birdshot retinochoroidopathy and Serpiginous choroiditis which occur in older individuals.