Test on Orthognathic Surgery for Craniofacial Deformities

Question 1: Phillips et al. concluded that preoperative assessment is not effective in predicting postoperative velopharyngeal function.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Phillips et al. concluded that preoperative assessment can predict postoperative speech and velopharyngeal function.

Question 2: Which of the following is the INITIAL step performed in a Le Fort I osteotomy?

A. Making an incision 5 mm above the mucogingival junction with needle tip electrocautery.

B. Exposing the maxilla around the piriform rim and infraorbital nerve using a periosteal elevator.

C. Securing the nasal endotracheal tube, preferably a nasal Ring–Adair–Elwin (RAE) tube.

D. Injecting the maxillary vestibule with epinephrine prior to patient preparation.

Explanation: The study materials state, 'The first step in any facial osteotomy is satisfactorily securing the nasal endotracheal tube; our preference is a nasal Ring–Adair–Elwin (RAE) endotracheal tube.' The other options describe subsequent steps in the procedure.

Question 3: After a Le Fort I osteotomy and downfracture, the primary perfusion of the maxillary segment continues to be supplied by the nasopalatine artery.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: According to the study materials, after the nasopalatine and descending palatine arteries are transected during a Le Fort I osteotomy and downfracture, perfusion of the maxillary segment occurs via the lesser palatine artery, not the nasopalatine artery.

Question 4: According to the historical perspectives provided, which of the following characterized early mandibular surgery innovations?

A. Early cases involved blind osteotomies performed with a Gigli saw.

B. The first mandibular osteotomy was reported by Blair and Kostecka in 1846.

C. Procedures typically took no more than 15 minutes to complete.

D. Surgeries were performed in a seated dental chair using simple ether sedation.

Explanation: The study materials state that early cases involved 'Blind osteotomies using transuctaneous application of a Gigli saw to the mandibular ramus', confirming option 0. It also mentions these procedures 'took no more than 15 minutes to perform', supporting option 2. Additionally, 'These early cases were performed in a seated dental chair with simple ether sedation', making option 3 correct. Option 1 is incorrect because 'the first mandibular osteotomy was reported in 1846 by Hullihan', while Blair and Kostecka 'published the first large series of cases'.

Question 5: Treating vertical maxillary excess involves impacting the maxilla to achieve the proper incisor show with the lips in repose.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials indicate that the treatment approach for vertical maxillary excess is to impact the maxilla to achieve the proper incisor show with the lips in repose.