Test on Local Policing and Public Order

Question 1: The study materials provide a comprehensive secondary study detailing the situation of police reform and democratization across all Member States of the European Union.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state, 'There is yet no comprehensive secondary study, trying to describe the situation, for example, in all Member States of the European Union.' Instead, there are 'parts of the puzzle that can provide a clearer picture only from a distance.'

Question 2: According to the study materials, why is the involvement of police forces in social networks like Facebook and Twitter considered an effective communication channel?

A. Social media tools are free and fast, allowing them to quickly reach a large group of people.

B. They help create a positive perception of policing and community involvement when questions are answered quickly.

C. Traditional methods like leaflets and home visits are highly effective for the younger generation.

D. They enable police to provide crime prevention advice and ask the public for help.

Explanation: The study materials state that internet social media tools are 'free and fast' and 'can quickly reach a large group of people, provide them with information and advice on crime prevention or ask the public for help'. It also mentions that communicating with the public and answering questions quickly 'will help to create a positive perception of policing and community involvement'. Option 2 is incorrect because the text explicitly states 'Traditional methods of leaflets, street interviews and home visits are ineffective, especially in relation to the younger generation'.

Question 3: The Continental (Napoleonic) police model was characterized by its emphasis on local autonomy and inconsistency.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The study materials state that Napoleon wanted an immediate response to his commands, which required a high level of discipline and uniformity, not inconsistency or local autonomy for the Continental (Napoleonic) police model.

Question 4: According to the study materials, which of the following statements accurately describe observable trends in the evolving strategy of policing in Europe?

A. A gradual convergence of the Anglo-Saxon and Continental policing models.

B. An increasing shift from localized policing to addressing international dimensions of crime such as terrorism and cybercrime.

C. A growing trend towards replacing regular police officers with support staff or volunteer forces due to budget cuts.

D. A complete abandonment of the local, parochial dimension of policing in favor of purely national or international approaches.

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state that 'the differences between the Anglo-Saxon and the continental model disappears, and both models are gradually converging.' They also highlight that 'the local dimension is still part of modern policing, crime has an increasingly international dimension. Even the lowest levels of police forces are handling with the agenda of the fight against terrorism, cybercrime and human trafficking,' indicating a shift to address international crime. Furthermore, in response to budget cuts and competition, 'Some police forces have responded to this challenge by reducing their commitments. Others were aimed at replacing regular police officers with support staff or volunteer forces.' Option 3 is incorrect because the materials state that 'the local dimension is still part of modern policing,' not completely abandoned.

Question 5: Excessive decentralization of police forces is considered a major problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The study materials state that 'the excessive decentralization of the police forces can be seen as a major problem' in Bosnia and Herzegovina, leading to issues like non-intervention against acquaintances, defending local interests against the state, and helping to hide internationally wanted people.