Flashcards on Genetic Modification and Recombinant DNA
Genetic Modification & Recombinant DNA Explained for Students
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Genetic Modification
11 cards
Card 1
Question: What is recombinant DNA?
Answer: DNA formed by combining DNA from two or more organisms.
Card 2
Question: What is a transgenic organism?
Answer: An organism that has recombinant DNA.
Card 3
Question: What do restriction enzymes do?
Answer: They cut DNA at a specific sequence because their active site matches that sequence, leaving unpaired bases called sticky ends.
Card 4
Question: What are sticky ends?
Answer: Unpaired bases left on DNA after restriction enzymes cut, which can pair with complementary sequences.
Card 5
Question: What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic modification?
Answer: DNA ligase joins cut ends (sticky ends) of DNA.
Card 6
Question: What is a vector in genetic modification?
Answer: A tool used to transfer DNA into cells.
Card 7
Question: Name two types of vectors and a brief characteristic of each.
Answer: Plasmid: small loop of DNA easily removed from bacteria, edited, and reinserted. Virus: naturally inserts DNA into cells.
Card 8
Question: What is a plasmid?
Answer: A small loop of DNA that can be easily removed from bacteria, edited, and inserted again into the bacterium.
Card 9
Question: Why use the same restriction enzyme to cut both the donor gene and plasmid?
Answer: Using the same enzyme produces matching sticky ends so the donor DNA can pair correctly with the plasmid.
Card 10
Question: What are the main steps to make recombinant DNA?
Answer: 1) Use restriction enzymes to cut gene from donor. 2) Remove and isolate plasmid from bacteria. 3) Cut plasmid with same restriction enzyme. 4) Insert