Test on Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Diseases

Question 1: In asthma pathology, the expression of MUC5B increases, leading to mucus overproduction and airway obstruction.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that during asthma pathology, "the number of MUC5B decreases, while the expression of MUC5AC increases, leading to mucus overproduction, airway obstruction, and the accumulation of mucus materials, ultimately inducing chronic in fl ammation."

Question 2: According to the study materials, which of the following accurately describes Allergic Rhinitis (AR) in relation to epithelial barrier dysfunction?

A. It is an inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa.

B. It is primarily mediated by allergens.

C. It promotes the secondary invasion of other allergens and pathogens.

D. It is characterized by an increase in basal and goblet cells and a decrease in terminally differentiated ciliated cells.

Explanation: The study materials state that 'AR, characterized as an in fl ammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa and mediated by allergens, exhibits an escalating tissue, but also promotes the secondary invasion of other allergens and pathogens.' This directly supports options 0, 1, and 2. Option 3 describes characteristics of airway epithelial barrier disorders in asthma, not AR.

Question 3: Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is implicated in diminishing the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1, contributing to epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic rhinitis (AR).

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) has been implicated in diminishing the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1, with claudin-1 being involved in epithelial barrier dysfunction in AR.

Question 4: In a healthy state, what are the primary defense mechanisms of the nasal mucosal barrier?

A. Diminished expression of E-cadherin

B. Coordinated ciliary movement

C. Reduced expression of ZO-1

D. Mucus secretion

Explanation: The study materials state: 'In a healthy state, coordinated ciliary movement and mucus secretion constitute the primary defense mechanism, preventing compromise of the nasal mucosal barrier by various risk or irritant factors.' Diminished expression of E-cadherin and reduced expression of ZO-1 are associated with pathological conditions like allergic rhinitis.

Question 5: The composition and function of upper respiratory tract microbiota influence asthma pathogenesis.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that the composition and function of upper respiratory tract microbiota influence asthma pathogenesis, with variations observed at different ages (88).