Flashcards on Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Diseases
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Diseases | Study Guide
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Environment
38 cards
Card 1
Question: What epithelial tight junction proteins are degraded by particulate matter (PM) exposure?
Answer: Occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1.
Card 2
Question: How does PM2.5 exposure affect E-cadherin and cytokine levels in mouse lung models?
Answer: PM2.5 inhibits E-cadherin levels and increases IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Card 3
Question: What are environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and how are they formed on particulate matter?
Answer: At lower combustion temperatures, aromatic compounds adhere to metal oxide–containing PM surfaces, forming surface-stable EPFRs.
Card 4
Question: How do EPFR-containing PMs contribute to epithelial barrier damage?
Answer: EPFR redox cycling produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering antioxidant and inflammatory responses that are associated with degradation of c
Card 5
Question: What cellular effects can PM2.5 and ultrafine PM (PM0.1) cause at low versus high doses?
Answer: At low doses: increased lysosomal membrane permeability, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. At high doses: epithelial cell necrosis.
Card 6
Question: List structural and molecular damages to the epidermis caused by particulate matter.
Answer: DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and loss of cytokeratin and filaggrin in epidermal structural proteins.
Card 7
Question: What are the typical size range and another name for nanoparticles (NPs) mentioned in the content?
Answer: Nanoparticles, also called ultrafine particles, typically range from 1 to 100 nm.
Card 8
Question: According to the table, name three mechanisms by which particulate matter disrupts epithelial barriers.
Answer: 1) Degradation of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1). 2) Inhibition of E-cadherin. 3) Induction/increase of reactive oxygen species i
Card 9
Question: What additional molecular and cellular effects of particulate matter are listed in the table?
Answer: Increased Foxp3 methylation; increased lysosomal membrane permeability, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation; DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and l
Card 10
Question: What common nanoparticles are mentioned as environmental additives that contribute to air pollution?
Answer: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2).