Test on Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Question 1: The study materials indicate that In Vitro Maturation (IVM) currently surpasses In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in overall global uptake and success rates for all patient populations.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that IVM had an estimated 5000 births in 2015, compared to 5 million births from stimulated cycles (which refers to IVF), indicating a significantly lower global uptake and number of births for IVM. Additionally, while early data for CAPA-IVM suggest outcomes are approaching IVF, the material explicitly states, "Unlikely, industry still awaiting a trusted commercial media and protocol," implying IVM has not taken over from IVF in overall global practice or established superior success rates across all patient populations.

Question 2: According to TABLE 1, which statements accurately describe the biological definition of In Vitro Maturation (IVM) in literature?

A. Oocyte maturation proceeds from germinal vesicle (GV) stage to metaphase II (MII) stage.

B. The oocytes are exposed to hCG to prime intermediate follicles.

C. There is no exposure to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or luteinizing hormone (LH).

D. The process involves minimal FSH stimulation before oocyte retrieval.

Explanation: According to TABLE 1, the biological definition of IVM states 'GV to MII' for oocyte maturation and 'No exposure to hCG or LH' for hormone exposure. Option 1 aligns with 'GV to MII'. Option 3 aligns with 'No exposure to hCG or LH'. Option 2 describes 'Truncated IVF without FSH' or 'Mild-stimulation IVF/truncated IVF'. Option 4 describes 'Follicle priming with FSH' or 'Mild-stimulation IVF/truncated IVF'.

Question 3: The Monash IVF method for ovarian tissue cryopreservation, which uses 1.5M DMSO + 0.1M sucrose, is a vitrification technique.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials describe the Monash IVF method using 1.5M DMSO + 0.1M sucrose under the 'Slow Cool' section, indicating it is a slow cooling technique. Vitrification is later described with different steps and solutions (e.g., DMSO+EG) and explicitly recommended as a newer method.

Question 4: According to the study materials, what was a significant achievement in the EPRD labs using the mouse model for ovarian transplantation?

A. The successful in vitro maturation of oocytes from cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue, leading to births.

B. The birth of pups from blastocysts derived from ovarian fragments that were in vivo transplanted in mice.

C. The development of a vitrification method for mouse ovarian tissue that was proven more successful than fresh tissue for in vivo transplantation.

D. The use of a rapid thawing protocol for mouse ovarian tissue that demonstrated 90% survival rates in vivo.

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state, 'In our EPRD labs, we have had pups born from blastocysts created from Ovarian fragments in vivo transplanted in the mouse ¹'. This highlights the successful birth of pups after in vivo transplantation of ovarian fragments in the mouse model.

Question 5: Female infants were born following the pronuclear transfer procedure.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The 'Results and patient history' table, under the 'Pronuclear transfer' section, lists several cases where the 'Infant Sex' is 'Female' (e.g., m.4300A→G, m.3460G→A, m.11778G→A). This confirms that female infants were born after pronuclear transfer.