Flashcards on 19th Century European History: Ideologies and Unification
19th Century European History: Ideologies & Unification Guide
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Italian Unification
29 cards
Card 1
Question: What alliance did Piedmont-Sardinia make in 1858 and what was the immediate military result against Austria?
Answer: Piedmont-Sardinia allied with France under Emperor Napoleon III; provoked a war with Austria and, after Franco-Italian victory, gained control of Lomb
Card 2
Question: Who led the Red Shirts in 1860 and what areas did they liberate?
Answer: Giuseppe Garibaldi led the Red Shirts; they captured Palermo, liberated Sicily, crossed to the mainland and liberated Naples and the Kingdom of the Tw
Card 3
Question: What did Garibaldi do after his southern campaign that affected national leadership?
Answer: Garibaldi's army met the Piedmont-Sardinian army and handed power over to King Victor Emanuel.
Card 4
Question: Which provinces voted in autumn 1860 to join the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont, and which areas remained outside Italian control then?
Answer: Southern provinces of Sicily and Naples, and other provinces like Modena and Tuscany, voted to join; Venetia and Rome remained outside Italian control
Card 5
Question: Who was elected the first King of Italy in 1861 and what form of government was proclaimed?
Answer: Piedmont-Sardinian King Victor Emanuel II was elected the first King of Italy; Italy was proclaimed a constitutional monarchy with its capital first i
Card 6
Question: How did Italy gain Venetia and in what year?
Answer: In 1866, Italy allied with Prussia in the Seven Weeks' War; after Austria's defeat, Italy gained Venetia.
Card 7
Question: What happened in 1870 concerning the Papal States and Rome?
Answer: Italian forces took over the last part of the Papal States in 1870, leaving only Vatican City under the pope; in 1871 Rome officially became the capit
Card 8
Question: When was Italian unification considered complete, and what major internal problem persisted?
Answer: Unification was complete in 1871, but a large economic and social gap between the industrialized north and the agrarian, landowner-dominated south per
Card 9
Question: Describe the main social and economic differences between northern and southern Italy after unification.
Answer: The north was industrial with an urban working class; the south remained agrarian dominated by large landowners and a populous peasant class.
Card 10
Question: What was the political consequence of the north-south divide after unification?
Answer: Governments failed to bridge the gap, leading to growing division, corruption, and bribery instead of social justice and effective democratic governme