Flashcards on Types of Clauses in English Grammar
Types of Clauses in English Grammar: A Student's Guide
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English Grammar Clauses
20 cards
Card 1
Question: What marker words typically start comparative clauses showing difference or partial contrast?
Answer: Comparative clauses start with THAN or AS (e.g., She is taller than her sister; He is not as rich as his brother).
Card 2
Question: Which subordinating conjunctions introduce adverbial clauses?
Answer: IF, WHEN, AS SOON AS, BECAUSE, ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH (expressing condition, time, reason, concession etc.).
Card 3
Question: Give examples of adverbial clause functions and an example phrase for each.
Answer: Time: When we were on holiday. Condition: If I were you. Reason: because he was tired. Concession: although it was raining; even though she was tired.
Card 4
Question: What words introduce relative clauses and what must precede them?
Answer: Relative clauses start with WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHERE, WHY and there is a noun before them (they modify that noun).
Card 5
Question: How do restrictive and non‑restrictive relative clauses differ? Provide example forms.
Answer: Restrictive (necessary): The man who lives next door is a doctor; The motorbike that he bought. Non‑restrictive (not necessary, usually with commas):
Card 6
Question: How is a 'that' nominal clause identified in relation to a noun?
Answer: That‑clauses start with THAT but there is no noun before them (they function as nominal clauses).
Card 7
Question: Which word typically starts yes/no interrogative nominal clauses?
Answer: Whether starts yes/no interrogative nominal clauses.
Card 8
Question: Which words introduce wh‑interrogative nominal clauses?
Answer: WH words: WHAT, WHERE, WHY, WHO, HOW (WHAT can function as a nominal relative meaning 'the thing that').
Card 9
Question: What is a nominal relative clause and how can WHAT be paraphrased in it?
Answer: A nominal relative starts with WHAT and can be paraphrased as 'the thing that' (e.g., I can give you what you want).
Card 10
Question: How are to‑infinitive and -ing non‑finite clauses formed?
Answer: To‑infinitive: TO + verb. -ing clause: verb + ING.