Summary of Spontaneous Decisions, Offers, and Present Perfect

## Úvod Tento materiál je zameraný na použitie času **present perfect** v angličtine so zameraním na príslovky ako **already**, **yet**, **just**, **ever**, **never** a ich umiestnenie vo vete. Materiál je určený pre stredoškolákov a vysvetlí pravidlá, príklady a praktické cvičenia. ## Základné časti: present perfect — prehľad > **Definícia:** Present perfect vyjadruje dej alebo stav, ktorý sa stal v minulosti, ale má spojenie s prítomnosťou. Používa sa s pomocným slovesom **have/has** a príčastným tvarom (past participle). ### Tvorba vety - Oznamovacia veta: **subject + have/has + past participle** - I have eaten, She has gone - Zápor: **subject + have/has + not + past participle** - They haven't arrived, He hasn't answered - Otázka: **Have/Has + subject + past participle?** - Have you finished? Has she left? > **Definícia:** Past participle (tretí tvar slovesa) sa používa v present perfect, napr. go → gone, eat → eaten, buy → bought. ### Bežné príslovky spojené s present perfect - **already** — používa sa v kladných vetách, zvyčajne pred past participle alebo na konci vety: I have already done it. / I have done it already. - **yet** — používa sa v otázkach a záporoch, zvyčajne na konci vety: Have you eaten yet? / They haven't arrived yet. - **just** — krátko predtým, často medzi have/has a past participle: She has just left. - **ever** — v otázkach pre skúsenosti: Have you ever been to London? - **never** — nikdy, v zápornej vete: I have never seen that film. ### Umiestnenie prísloviek (príklady) - I have already bought Keane's new CD. (máme: "I've already bought...") - They haven't answered yet. - Have you eaten your breakfast yet? - I've just finished Mary's class. ("Mary's class" = vyučovanie, skončili práve teraz) ## Porovnanie s minulým časom (past simple) | Kritérium | Present perfect | Past simple | |---|---:|---:| | Kedy | Dej so spojením s prítomnosťou alebo bez presného času | Dej pevne v minulosti, často s časovými údajmi | | Príklad | I have visited Paris. | I visited Paris in 2019. | | Typické príslovky | already, yet, just, ever, never | yesterday, last year, in 2010 | Fun fact: Present perfect sa v britskej angličtine používa častejšie ako v americkej angličtine v situáciách, kde sa zdôrazňuje prepojenie s prítomnosťou. ## Praktické príklady a opravené vety z poskytnutého textu - Have you tried the new restaurant? (správne: otázka v present perfect) - They haven't answered. (správne: zápor) - I've bought Keane's new CD. (správne: already nie je nutné, ale možné: I've already bought Keane's new CD.) - I've had some good news. (správne) - They haven't arrived. (správne) - I've spent all my money. (správne) ### Cvičenie: Usporiadať slová do viet (opravené) 1. I've already done the washing-up. (done already the I've the washing-up → správne poradie) 2. Mary's class has just finished. (class her just dance finished Mary's → ak ide o "Mary's dance class has just finished"; ak nie, alternatívne: Mary's class has just finished.) 3. Have you eaten your breakfast yet? (eaten have breakfast you your yet? → Have you eaten your breakfast yet?) 4. Our teacher hasn't met us yet / We haven't met our teacher yet. (we teacher our met Maths yet haven't → závisí od významu: ak ide o stretnutie s učiteľom: We haven't met our Maths teacher yet.) 5. I've already booked my summer holiday. (already my I've holiday booked summer → I've already booked my summer holiday.) 6. Has she done the shopping yet? / She has done that shopping twice already. (the she shopping has yet done? that twice already film seen I've → tu sú dve možné: Has she done the shopping yet? / I've already seen that film twice.) 7. Robert has just gone out. (Robert just out has gone → Robert has just gone out.) 8. You haven't passed your exams yet. (your exams haven't yet you passed → You haven't passed your exams yet.) 9. The restaurant has already closed. (restaurant closed the already has → The restaurant has already closed.) 10. I've already seen t