Flashcards on Socioethnobotany: Ethics, Law, and Indigenous Knowledge
Socioethnobotany: Ethics, Law, Indigenous Knowledge & Cases
Tap to flip · Swipe to navigate
Bioprospecting
28 cards
Card 1
Question: What is bioprospecting in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity objectives?
Answer: The search for and use of genetic resources and associated knowledge with the aims of conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity components, and fa
Card 2
Question: What three objectives were established by the Convention on Biological Diversity (1993)?
Answer: Conservation of biological diversity; sustainable use of its components; fair and equitable sharing of benefits from utilization of genetic resources.
Card 3
Question: Why did large-scale bioprospecting from the late 1990s decline, according to the provided content?
Answer: Mainly for economic reasons: drug development from natural products is expensive and time-consuming, with very low hit rates and long timelines, while
Card 4
Question: According to the provided statistics, what is the approximate chance that a random natural product sample will reach market as a drug?
Answer: About 1 in 100,000 samples show promising activity; of those, 1 in 10 may reach clinical trial and 1 in 10 of those reach market—overall a very small
Card 5
Question: What is the Nagoya Protocol and when was it adopted?
Answer: The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Uti
Card 6
Question: What are the three pillars of the Nagoya Protocol as presented?
Answer: Access (A), Benefit-sharing (B), and Compliance (C).
Card 7
Question: What is the ABS Clearing-House (ABSCH)?
Answer: An online platform for exchanging information on access and benefit-sharing; a key tool for facilitating implementation of the Nagoya Protocol (https:
Card 8
Question: Give one example from the content of an equitable benefit-sharing agreement resulting from bioprospecting.
Answer: TBGRI and a company developed Jeevani from Trichopus zeylanicus; the agreement provided 50% of the license fee and 2% royalty at ex-factory sales pric
Card 9
Question: What is Arogyapacha (Trichopus zeylanicus) and why is it significant in bioprospecting?
Answer: A medicinal plant used for centuries by the Kaani tribe in India for anti-fatigue properties; it illustrates validation of traditional knowledge and b
Card 10
Question: What ethical practices for botanical collecting were promoted by the Manila Declaration (1992)?
Answer: Collaborate with local scientists/institutes; share reports/publications and photos; deposit duplicates in national museums/herbaria and inform hosts;