Bystanders & Social Control: Norm Enforcement Explained
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Question: What three factors are examined in the article as contributing to changes in social norms in a social unit?
Answer: The degree of deviance of the counternormative behavior, the feeling of personal implication, and social control (the article examines two explicit fa
Question: Why is research on moderating factors of social control considered highly relevant for social sciences?
Answer: Because social norms are among the most powerful predictors of human behavior, so understanding what moderates social control is crucial for explainin
Question: How have psychologists generally treated the topic of social control?
Answer: Psychologists have generally avoided systematic investigation of social control, with only a few notable exceptions.
Question: How have sociologists typically treated social control in their work?
Answer: Sociologists have been very interested in social control but often limit their discussion to its role in maintaining social order and perpetuating soc
Question: According to the normative conception of deviance, what makes a behavior deviant?
Answer: Any behavior that violates social norms is considered deviant; the extent of deviance depends on characteristics of the violated norm, such as how nar
Question: How does norm narrowness affect perceived deviance under the normative conception?
Answer: The narrower a norm (more precisely defined boundaries), the more a behavior violating that norm will be considered deviant.
Question: What prediction do sociologists adhering to the normative conception make about reactions to counternormative behavior?
Answer: They predict that the more deviant the behavior, the greater the likelihood that someone will exert social control (express disapproval or sanction th
Question: What is the core idea of the reactive conception of deviance?
Answer: The reactive conception holds that it is social reactions (labeling, sanctions) that define which behaviors are deviant, so causality runs from social
Question: How do theorists of the reactive conception view the relationship between deviance and social control?
Answer: They predict a similar association (more deviant behavior linked to greater social control) but argue the causal direction is reversed: social reactio
Question: According to the content, what determinant do sociologists most frequently mention as related to producing social control behavior?
Answer: The extent of deviance of the counternormative behavior is the most frequently mentioned determinant related to producing social control behavior.