Test on Social Cognition and its Neural Basis
Social Cognition and its Neural Basis: A Student's Guide
Test: Social cognition & interpersonal processes — frontal lesion effects, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — social cognitive neuroscience, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — developmental social brain, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — animal models, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — social stress and behavior, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — self and identity, Self-referential processing, Autobiographical memory & self-knowledge, Default network & self-referential processing, vmPFC, self-knowledge & default network, Bodily experience disorders & xenomelia, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — theory of mind, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — developmental theory of mind, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — medial PFC function, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — mirror systems, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Emotion perception, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — empathy neural bases, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — empathy mechanisms, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — neural bases, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — theory of mind neural bases, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — gaze and attention, Clinical conditions affecting social cognition: Autism neurobiology, Clinical conditions affecting social cognition: Autism social cognition, Clinical conditions affecting social cognition: Autism motor and action processing, Moral decision making: social cognition, Prefrontal & frontal lobe systems (decision, reward): Orbitofrontal social function, Prefrontal & frontal lobe systems (decision, reward): Ventromedial/orbitofrontal social decisions, Moral decision making: social exchange, Moral decision making: enforcement & punishment, Moral decision making: neural mechanisms, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — empathy and mentalizing, Social cognition & interpersonal processes — moral cognition, Moral decision making: general mechanisms, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Emotion and consciousness, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Unconscious emotion, Affective neuroscience & emotion: General affective neuroscience, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Neural mechanisms of emotion, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Affective behavior mechanisms, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Amygdala and emotion, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Conscious emotion mechanisms, Affective neuroscience & emotion: Conscious vs unconscious processing, Affective neuroscience & emotion: General neuroscience of emotion, Cognitive control and dysfunction, Prefrontal & frontal lobe systems (decision, reward): Cognitive control and monitoring, Prefrontal & frontal lobe systems (decision, reward): Prefrontal anatomy & organization, Prefrontal & frontal lobe systems (decision, reward): Frontal lobe control & problem solving, Prefrontal Cortex Working Memory, Decision making & reward processes: Neuroeconomics, Decision making & reward processes: Valuation and value representation, Decision making & reward processes: Neural circuits and mechanisms, Decision making & reward processes: Dopamine and prediction errors, Prefrontal Cortex Attention Modulation, Inhibitory control mechanisms, Decision making & reward processes: Cognitive control and executive function, Intervention, training & rehabilitation, Medial frontal cognitive control, Performance & error monitoring
20 questions
Question 1: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) enhances a person's inhibitory control, leading to reduced impulsivity.
A. Yes
B. No
Explanation: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the STN can lead to a person becoming too impulsive because the stimulation disrupts a system for inhibitory control, rather than enhancing it.
Question 2: According to the study materials, which region is identified as part of the anatomical pathway linking the right prefrontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus (STN)?
A. The left frontal lobe
B. The presupplementary motor area (preSMA)
C. The primary visual cortex
D. The hippocampus
Explanation: The study materials state that Aron and colleagues uncovered an anatomical pathway connecting the right prefrontal cortex and the STN, and explicitly mention that 'This anatomical pathway includes the presupplementary motor area, a part of the medial frontal cortex.'
Question 3: Playing action video games can lead to improvements in some aspects of cognitive function, such as visual search and response inhibition.
A. Yes
B. No
Explanation: A growing body of evidence suggests that playing action video games may improve some aspects of cognitive function, particularly tasks involving cognitive control and attention like visual search, n-back tasks, and response inhibition.
Question 4: According to the study materials, what is a notable impact of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the cognitive control and decision-making processes in Parkinson's patients?
A. DBS improves patients' ability to discriminate between high- and low-conflict trials, leading to more cautious choices.
B. DBS causes patients to respond faster but reduces their sensitivity to conflict, increasing impulsivity.
C. DBS significantly slows down reaction times in high-conflict situations, promoting more deliberate decisions.
D. DBS has no observed effect on cognitive control, only on the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Explanation: The study materials state that when the stimulator was turned on, Parkinson's patients responded faster but were no longer sensitive to conflict, especially when making wrong choices on high-conflict trials. This outcome is explicitly linked to 'the cost of increasing impulsivity'.
Question 5: Multitask training for older adults did not result in significant improvements in working memory or attention tasks.
A. Yes
B. No
Explanation: The study materials state that "Only those in the multitask training group showed a significant improvement in these tasks, and there was a strong correlation between their improved performance in playing NeuroRacer and how much their performance improved on these tests of working memory and attention." This indicates that multitask training did, in fact, lead to significant improvements in working memory and attention tasks for older adults.