Flashcards on Retinal Breaks and Detachments
Retinal Breaks and Detachments: Causes, Types, and Treatment
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Peripheral retinal disorders
34 cards
Card 1
Question: What are the two broad categories of peripheral retinal degenerations described here (based on appearance and risk)?
Answer: ‘White without pressure’ / vitreoretinal traction–related white lesions (may have red demarcation line) and non-rhegmatogenous degenerations (e.g., pa
Card 2
Question: Describe 'White without pressure' (WWOP) and key clinical features to assess.
Answer: WWOP appears as white retina without scleral depression pressure; can be similar to white with pressure. Assess incidence, bilaterality, vitreoretinal
Card 3
Question: What does a red demarcation line adjacent to WWO(P) suggest and what should you look for clinically?
Answer: A red demarcation line may mark the posterior border of WWOP. Clinically look for interruptions, tufts, and signs of vitreoretinal traction that could
Card 4
Question: How can OCT help when evaluating WWOP?
Answer: OCT can show changes in the outer retina and the ellipsoid zone (EZ); WWOP may show hyperreflective changes in the EZ on OCT, helping differentiate fr
Card 5
Question: What is a vitreoretinal tuft and why is it relevant in peripheral retinal disorders?
Answer: A vitreoretinal tuft is focal vitreous attachment to the retina that can create traction on the vitreoretinal interface; it is relevant because tracti
Card 6
Question: What are meridional (or meridional fold) degenerations and why are they clinically important?
Answer: Meridional folds are excessive peripheral retinal tissue forming a ridge or roll (often far out). They can be associated with atrophy and can predispo
Card 7
Question: How does meridional fold degeneration typically present and how dangerous is it compared with lattice degeneration?
Answer: Meridional folds often present as rolled peripheral retina in the far periphery. They can form retinal breaks but are less likely than lattice degener
Card 8
Question: What is snowflake degeneration and what are its characteristic features?
Answer: Snowflake degeneration is an inherited, progressive peripheral retinal degeneration characterized by shiny crystalline (amyloid-like) spots in the far
Card 9
Question: What are the differential diagnoses for snowflake degeneration mentioned here?
Answer: Cystoid degeneration and peripheral drusen are listed as differential diagnoses.
Card 10
Question: How should snowflake degeneration be monitored or treated according to the notes?
Answer: It is uncommon but potentially dangerous; watch for vitreoretinal traction and early retinal breaks. Frequent examination and low threshold for interv