Flashcards on Research Methods and Development Methodologies
Research Methods & Development Methodologies: A Guide
Tap to flip · Swipe to navigate
Research methods
38 cards
Card 1
Question: Distinguish stratified sampling from quota sampling.
Answer: Stratified sampling divides the population into strata and selects random samples from each stratum to ensure representation; quota sampling also divi
Card 2
Question: How does stratified sampling differ from cluster sampling?
Answer: Stratified sampling splits the population into homogeneous strata and samples within each stratum; cluster sampling divides the population into hetero
Card 3
Question: Why classify research by purpose, method, or design when aiming for valid and reliable findings?
Answer: Classifying research helps researchers choose appropriate methods and designs that match objectives, which supports validity (correct measurement of c
Card 4
Question: How can understanding research classification guide decisions during a study?
Answer: Clear classification informs choices about sampling, data collection, analysis techniques, and resource allocation, ensuring methods align with the re
Card 5
Question: What is the relationship between theory development and empirical evidence in qualitative research?
Answer: In qualitative research, theory often emerges from data (inductive approach): researchers develop theories grounded in detailed observations and parti
Card 6
Question: What is the relationship between theory development and empirical evidence in quantitative research?
Answer: In quantitative research, theory typically guides hypothesis testing (deductive approach): empirical data are collected to test pre-existing theories
Card 7
Question: Give an example of a theory developed from qualitative research (as described).
Answer: A theory developed inductively from rich observational or interview data where patterns and themes are identified and then generalized into conceptual
Card 8
Question: Give an example of a theory developed from quantitative research (as described).
Answer: A theory refined or tested through hypothesis testing with measurable variables and statistical analyses to confirm or refute predicted relationships.
Card 9
Question: How do innovation and R&D investments contribute to competitive advantage?
Answer: Investment in innovation and R&D can create new or improved products, processes, or services that differentiate an organization and sustain advantage
Card 10
Question: Why is it important to use practical examples when evaluating R&D's role in competitive advantage?
Answer: Practical examples illustrate how R&D decisions translate into real-world outcomes, demonstrating the link between investment, innovation outcomes, an