Test on Psychological Concepts of Self in Learning

Question 1: Downward social comparison primarily leads to a reduced motivation to improve, with no potential benefit to a learner's confidence.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that downward social comparison can increase confidence, although it may reduce motivation to improve further. Therefore, the statement that it has no potential benefit to a learner's confidence is incorrect.

Question 2: L2 linguistic confidence primarily refers to a student's general self-worth and overall evaluation of their academic abilities across all subjects.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: L2 linguistic confidence refers specifically to confidence in using a second language, not a general self-worth or overall evaluation of academic abilities across all subjects.

Question 3: According to the study materials, what is the primary distinction between self-esteem and self-concept?

A. Self-esteem is belief in one's ability to succeed in a specific task, while self-concept is an overall evaluation of oneself.

B. Self-concept is how people see themselves in society and different roles, whereas self-esteem is how they view themselves in specific areas.

C. Self-esteem is a holistic and emotional self-evaluation, while self-concept refers to how people view themselves in specific areas.

D. Self-concept is influenced by culture and language, while self-esteem is focused on confidence in using a second language.

Explanation: Self-esteem means self-worth or overall evaluation of oneself, making it more emotional and holistic. In contrast, self-concept refers to how people view themselves in specific areas, making it domain-specific. The other options either misrepresent the definitions or confuse them with other concepts like self-efficacy, identity, or L2 linguistic confidence.

Question 4: According to the study materials, which statement accurately describes the concept of 'reflected appraisals' in learning?

A. It refers to learners comparing their abilities in one subject to their abilities in another.

B. It is when learners interpret indirect cues from the environment to understand how others perceive them.

C. It is the direct and explicit feedback provided by teachers about a student's performance.

D. It is the belief in one's ability to succeed in a specific learning task.

Explanation: Reflected appraisals occur when learners interpret clues from the environment about how others see them, with feedback often being indirect. The example provided shows how a teacher constantly praising one student can make others feel discouraged, even without direct criticism.

Question 5: All aspects of a learner's self-concept are equally resistant to change.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Some aspects of the self are easier to change than others, indicating that not all aspects are equally resistant. Cultural identity and deeper beliefs are usually more stable, while small successes can gradually change learners' beliefs about themselves.