Test on Plant Development and Hormonal Regulation
Plant Development and Hormonal Regulation: A Student Guide
Test: Embryogenesis, Meristems and Organogenesis: Meristem Development, Seeds and Dormancy, Meristems and Organogenesis: Shoot and Branching, Meristems and Organogenesis: Leaf and SAM Interactions, Meristems and Organogenesis: Vascular and Growth, Flowering regulation, Floral organogenesis and development, Reproductive structures and gametogenesis, Seed and endosperm biology, Fruits and Ripening, Senescence and Programmed Cell Death, Stress Physiology
20 questions
Question 1: The ovule develops into a seed upon fertilization of the female gamete by a sperm cell.
A. Yes
B. No
Explanation: Upon fertilization of the female gamete, or egg, by a sperm cell, embryogenesis is initiated and the ovule develops into a seed. Simultaneously, the ovary enlarges and becomes a fruit.
Question 2: According to the provided study materials, which hormones are implicated in the regulation of various stages of female gametophyte development?
A. Auxin, Cytokinin, and Brassinosteroids
B. Auxin and Gibberellins
C. Brassinosteroids only
D. Cytokinin and Abscisic Acid
Explanation: The study materials state that "Three hormones –auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroids– have been implicated in the regulation of various stages of female gametophyte development." Specifically, auxin and cytokinin are implicated in megasporogenesis, and brassinosteroids are required for megagametophyte development, both of which are stages of female gametophyte development.
Question 3: Cellularization of the coenocytic endosperm in Arabidopsis begins in the chalazal region.
A. Yes
B. No
Explanation: Cellularization of the coenocytic endosperm in Arabidopsis begins in the micropylar endosperm region and progresses to the chalazal region.
Question 4: According to the study materials, from which maternal structure does the seed coat differentiate?
A. The primary endosperm nucleus
B. The ovule integument
C. The embryo's suspensor
D. The chalazal endosperm
Explanation: The study materials state: 'In response to fertilization, the seed coat differentiates from the cells of the maternally derived ovule integument.'
Question 5: The rin, cnr, and nor genes are induced at the onset of ripening and each encodes a transcription factor.
A. Yes
B. No
Explanation: Developmental factors induce the expression of the rin, cnr, and nor genes. Each of these genes encodes a transcription factor, and they are all induced at the onset of ripening.