Flashcards on Pediatric Wrist and Forearm Malformations
Pediatric Wrist and Forearm Malformations: Student Guide
Tap to flip · Swipe to navigate
Radial deficiency
46 cards
Card 1
Question: What is radial deficiency and which structures does it affect?
Answer: A spectrum of malformations of the radial side of the forearm affecting the radius, radial carpus, and thumb, including hypoplasia of bones, joints, m
Card 2
Question: How common is radial deficiency?
Answer: Approximately 1 in 55,000 live births; it is the most common longitudinal failure of formation.
Card 3
Question: Why should children with suspected radial deficiency undergo thorough and serial examinations of both upper extremities?
Answer: Because radial deficiency is frequently bilateral and asymmetric and manifestations may be subtle, so serial exams detect involvement and progression.
Card 4
Question: What specialist consultation is recommended for children with radial deficiency and why?
Answer: Clinical geneticist consultation is recommended because radial deficiency is commonly associated with congenital syndromes and genetic evaluation is n
Card 5
Question: What imaging studies are essential for classifying radial deficiency and when are radiographs of the carpus informative?
Answer: Radiographs (X-rays) are essential to classify the deficiency; carpal involvement is seen on X‑rays in children older than 8 years.
Card 6
Question: Which additional investigations are required to assess for associated anomalies with radial deficiency?
Answer: Spine radiographs, renal ultrasound, and echocardiography are required to assess for associated anomalies.
Card 7
Question: Why is genetic counseling and testing for Fanconi anemia recommended in radial deficiency without an identifiable syndrome?
Answer: Because persons with radial deficiency have a high incidence of medical anomalies and testing for Fanconi anemia is recommended since life‑threatening
Card 8
Question: Name common upper extremity anomalies associated with radial deficiency.
Answer: Humeral hypoplasia, proximal radioulnar synostosis, congenital radial head dislocation, and finger stiffness.
Card 9
Question: What less common or infrequent anomalies can be associated with radial deficiency?
Answer: Less common: metacarpal synostoses and syndactyly. Infrequent: contralateral radial polydactyly and phocomelia.
Card 10
Question: How did Bayne and Klug classify radial deficiency?
Answer: They classified radial deficiency into four types based on radiographic severity (Types 1–4).