Test on Non-Violent Resistance and Political Change

Question 1: Schock's division of non-violent action categories includes 'Methods of non-violent cooperation'.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Schock divides non-violent action into two categories: Methods of concentration (e.g., demonstrations, sit-ins) and Methods of dispersion. Methods of non-violent cooperation are not listed as one of Schock's categories.

Question 2: Is 'Political jiu-jitsu' one of the identified phases within a nonviolent campaign?

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials list the phases of a nonviolent campaign as: Preparation, Repression, Solidarity and discipline, Political jiu-jitsu, Achieving success, and Redistribution of power. Therefore, 'Political jiu-jitsu' is indeed an identified phase.

Question 3: According to the study materials, what was the primary purpose of Stephan and Chenoweth's (2008) research that led to the NAVCO dataset?

A. To prove that nonviolent resistance is always more successful than violent resistance in achieving political change.

B. To evaluate whether opposition movements choose violent methods because they believe them to be more effective than nonviolent strategies.

C. To categorize the different types of nonviolent protest and persuasion methods used in historical campaigns.

D. To understand the psychological reasons why people participate in nonviolent movements rather than violent ones.

Explanation: The study materials state that Stephan and Chenoweth (2008) 'decided to check if opposition movements select violent methods bc such means are more e=ective than nonviolent strategies at achieving policy goals.' This directly matches option 1. The other options are either not the primary purpose or are not mentioned in relation to NAVCO's specific aim.

Question 4: According to the study materials, which of the following accurately describes characteristics of non-violent resistance?

A. It is primarily a form of withdrawal from engagement.

B. It employs noninstitutional forms of action and avoids physical violence.

C. It emphasizes activity, challenge, and struggle.

D. It is considered more difficult to measure than violent resistance.

Explanation: Non-violent resistance employs noninstitutional forms of action against an opponent and involves acts of omission, commission, and both, while avoiding physical violence. Martin emphasizes that it is interested in activity, challenge, and struggle, and describes it as a form of engagement, not withdrawal. The material states that scholars overlook nonviolence partly because it is seen as more difficult to measure, but this is a reason for scholarly oversight, not a characteristic of the resistance itself.

Question 5: Does the conscientization of unequal power relations directly lead to negotiation and conflict resolution before any nonviolent confrontation occurs?

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The conscientization of unequal power leads to nonviolent confrontation first, which then results in a more balanced relationship, and only after these steps come negotiation and conflict resolution.