Flashcards on Molecular Biology, Cell Division, and Reproduction
Molecular Biology, Cell Division, & Reproduction Explained
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Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology - Inheritance & Mendelian Genetics
200 cards
Card 1
Question: Who is regarded as the father of genetics and what organism did he study?
Answer: Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, is regarded as the father of genetics for his work on garden pea plants.
Card 2
Question: List the seven pea traits Mendel observed as inherited.
Answer: Seed shape, seed colour, pod shape, pod colour, flower colour, flower position (axial or terminal), and stem length.
Card 3
Question: In Mendel's height experiment, what were the parental phenotypes and their symbols?
Answer: Tall (T) and short/dwarf (t).
Card 4
Question: What was the phenotype of the F1 generation when Mendel crossed pure-breeding tall and short pea plants?
Answer: All F1 offspring were tall.
Card 5
Question: What were the genotype and phenotype ratios Mendel observed in the F2 generation after selfing the F1 (Tt × Tt)?
Answer: Genotype ratio TT:Tt:tt = 1:2:1. Phenotype ratio Tall:Dwarf = 3:1.
Card 6
Question: State Mendel’s Law (Principle) of Segregation in simple terms.
Answer: Each trait is controlled by two factors (alleles) that separate during gamete formation, so a gamete receives one allele from each parent.
Card 7
Question: State Mendel’s Law of Dominance.
Answer: When alleles differ (one dominant, one recessive), the phenotype shows only the dominant trait.
Card 8
Question: State Mendel’s Law (Principle) of Independent Assortment.
Answer: Alleles of different genes assort independently into gametes due to random chromosome arrangement during meiosis, allowing different allele combinatio
Card 9
Question: What does homozygous and heterozygous mean?
Answer: Homozygous: an individual has two identical alleles for a gene. Heterozygous: an individual has two different alleles for a gene.
Card 10
Question: How are dominant and recessive alleles typically represented in genetic notation?
Answer: Dominant alleles are shown with capital letters; recessive alleles with lowercase letters.