Test on Local Flaps in Facial Reconstruction

Question 1: Traditional methods of using the dorsum of the tongue for lip red margin reconstruction are aesthetically suitable due to their color and surface regularity.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that the traditional method of using the dorsum of the tongue is aesthetically unsuitable as a lip mucosal substitute because of its color and surface irregularity.

Question 2: Which of the following statements accurately describes the Gillies fan flap for lower lip reconstruction, according to the provided study materials?

A. It was considered the method of choice before the Karapandzic procedure was published.

B. The nerves are kept intact, preserving lip function and sensation.

C. It often results in a narrowed mouth and lacks natural mucosal cover at the lip margin.

D. The flaps are typically full-thickness nasolabial flaps based on the perioral vasculature.

Explanation: The study materials state that 'Until the Karapandzic procedure was published, the Gillies fan flap was considered to be the method of choice,' making option 0 correct. It also explicitly mentions that 'In the Gillies reconstruction, the mouth is narrowed, and there is no mucosal cover of the flaps at the lip margin,' making option 2 correct. Option 1 is incorrect because the text states, 'The nerves are not kept intact, thus lip function and sensation are compromised.' Option 3 is incorrect because while they are 'Full-thickness nasolabial flaps,' they are 'based on the labial vessels,' not the perioral vasculature (which applies to general fan flaps, not specifically Gillies fan flaps for the lower lip as detailed in the comparison section).

Question 3: When designing a bilobed flap for the repair of a nasal defect, the linear axis of each lobe is designed 45 degrees from each other.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Figure 18.8(B) states, 'Linear axis of each lobe designed 45° from each other with primary lobe axis positioned 45° from axis of defect.'

Question 4: According to the study materials, which of the following is a characteristic or application of a prefabricated radial flap used for nasal reconstruction?

A. It is typically prefabricated on the patient's neck.

B. It provides a large amount of skin with a good blood supply.

C. It incorporates a cranial bone graft directly into the flap during prefabrication for structural support.

D. It is transferred using a long, transverse tube pedicle from the neck.

Explanation: The study materials state that noses may be prefabricated on the forearm using a radial flap, which gives a large amount of skin with a good blood supply. It does not state that it is prefabricated on the neck, or that it incorporates a cranial bone graft directly during prefabrication, nor that it uses a tube pedicle from the neck for transfer.

Question 5: Is additional support, such as cartilage, typically required when using forehead flaps for medial canthal defect reconstruction?

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: For medial canthal defects, forehead flaps are used, and additional support is not required because of the inherent flap rigidity.