Summary of Key English Vocabulary: English-German

## Introduction This study material covers English vocabulary related to the environment and everyday items. It helps you learn common verbs, nouns and adjectives used when talking about plants, protection, everyday objects and simple actions. Examples and comparisons make the words easier to remember. ### How this guide is organized 1. Core vocabulary with pronunciations and meanings 2. Example sentences to show real use 3. Word families and related forms 4. Quick comparisons in tables 5. Tips for remembering and practicing > Definition: Vocabulary are words and their meanings used in a language to describe people, places, things and actions. ## Core vocabulary and usage ### Plant / to plant - plant [plɑːnt] (noun): **a living organism** like a tree or flower. - (to) plant [plɑːnt] (verb): **to put a plant into the ground** or **to set something in place**. > Example: Our school green group planted some trees. ### Spray / to spray - (to) spray [sprei]: **to apply small drops of liquid** across a surface; can mean spraying water, pesticides or paint. > Example: Have those apples been sprayed with anything? ### Cover / to cover - (to) cover ['kʌvə]: **to put something over** so it is hidden or protected. > Example: It was cold so she covered her baby with her jacket. ### Plastic - plastic ['plæstɪk] (noun): **a synthetic material** used for many products. Often not biodegradable. > Example: Many single-use items are made of plastic. ### Protect - (to) protect [prə'tekt]: **to keep safe from harm or damage**. > Example: Wear a hat to protect your head from the sun. ### Insect - insect ['ɪnsekt] (noun): **a small animal with six legs and usually wings**. > Example: Some insects pollinate plants and help crops grow. ### Biological - biological [ˌbɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (adjective): **relating to living organisms** or life processes. > Example: Biological methods can be used to control pests without chemical sprays. ### Method - method ['meθəd] (noun): **a way of doing something**. > Example: A gardening method might be planting in rows or in raised beds. ### Less - less [les] (adverb / determiner): **a smaller amount**. > Example: Pick less fruit at once if you want it to last longer. ### Pick (fruit/flowers) - (to) pick [pɪk] (verb): **to take fruit or flowers from a plant by hand**. > Example: We picked strawberries at the farm. ### Thought / think - thought [θɔːt] (noun): **an idea or opinion**. - (to) think: verb forms: think, thought, thought. > Example: My first thought was that the garden needed water. ### Soda (AE) - soda ['səʊdə] (noun): **a sweet carbonated drink**. Also called soft drink or pop. > Example: Choose water more often than soda for better health. ### Wealth / wealthy - wealth ['welθ] (noun): **a large amount of money or valuable possessions**. - wealthy ['welθi] (adjective): **having a lot of wealth**. > Example: The wealth of a region can depend on natural resources and tourism. ### Supper - supper ['sʌpə] (noun): **an evening meal**; often informal and at home. > Example: We had a simple supper after gardening. ### Run (of roads, borders) - (to) run, ran, run: **to extend or continue in a direction** (used for roads, rivers, borders). > Example: The cycle path runs on both sides of the river. ## Word forms and small grammar tips - Many verbs change form: think → thought → thought; run → ran → run. - Nouns vs verbs: plant (noun) vs to plant (verb). Context tells you which is meant. - Use less with uncountable nouns (less money, less water); use fewer with countable nouns (fewer apples). > Example: I've got less money than you. ## Comparison table: similar verbs and usage | Verb | Meaning | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | plant | put living thing into soil | She planted three tomatoes. | | pick | remove fruit/flowers by hand | Pick the ripe apples now. | | spray | apply liquid droplets | They sprayed the wall with paint. | | cover | place over to protect | Cover the seedlings at night