Test on Key Biological Processes and Systems

Question 1: Energy transferred by respiration is used in animals to allow muscles to contract.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state that one use of the energy transferred by respiration is 'In animals it's used to allow the muscles to contract (so they can move about)'.

Question 2: Which of the following statements accurately describe anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

A. It is the incomplete breakdown of glucose, producing lactic acid.

B. It is the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose.

C. It transfers significantly less energy compared to aerobic respiration.

D. It requires a plentiful supply of oxygen.

Explanation: Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells is characterized by the incomplete breakdown of glucose, which produces lactic acid. This process does not transfer nearly as much energy as aerobic respiration because glucose is not fully oxidized. It occurs without oxygen, specifically when there isn't enough oxygen supplied to the muscles, such as during vigorous exercise. Aerobic respiration is the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose and requires oxygen.

Question 3: In the lungs, haemoglobin binds to oxygen.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: In the lungs, haemoglobin binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 4: Which of the following components are transported by plasma in the blood?

A. Red blood cells and platelets

B. Oxygen bound to haemoglobin

C. Nutrients like glucose and amino acids

D. Antibodies and carbon dioxide

Explanation: Plasma carries red and white blood cells and platelets. It also transports nutrients like glucose and amino acids, carbon dioxide from organs to lungs, urea, hormones, proteins, antibodies, and antitoxins. Oxygen is primarily carried by red blood cells bound to haemoglobin, not directly by plasma as a free component listed in the plasma's cargo.

Question 5: Phloem tubes are strengthened with a material called lignin to withstand the pressure of transport.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that xylem tubes are strengthened with lignin. There is no mention of phloem tubes being strengthened with lignin; instead, phloem tubes are described as being made of elongated living cells with small pores in the end walls.