Flashcards on Introduction to XML: Syntax and Validation
Introduction to XML: Syntax and Validation for Students
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DTD and XML Declaration
28 cards
Card 1
Question: Where can a DTD declaration be placed within an XML document?
Answer: It can be placed directly within the document at the beginning, externally in a separate file, or as a combination of both (an external file with addi
Card 2
Question: What does the basic XML header with an internal DTD declaration look like at the beginning of a document?
Answer: It starts with <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>, followed by <!DOCTYPE root [ ...internal declarations... ]>, and then the <root>...</root> elem
Card 3
Question: How do you specify an external DTD using SYSTEM or PUBLIC?
Answer: You use <!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "path"> for non-public standards, or <!DOCTYPE root PUBLIC "identifier" "path"> for public standards (e.g., SVG, RSS).
Card 4
Question: Where should the DTD declaration be placed relative to the XML declaration?
Answer: The <!DOCTYPE ...> declaration (either internal or a reference to an external DTD) is placed immediately after the <?xml ...?> declaration.
Card 5
Question: What does a combined DTD declaration mean?
Answer: It refers to an external DTD using <!DOCTYPE ... SYSTEM "link.dtd"> while also including additional internal commented or active element declarations
Card 6
Question: What is the syntax for an element declaration in DTD?
Answer: <!ELEMENT name (content)> where content can be #PCDATA, other elements, or a combination (e.g., (firstname, surname)).
Card 7
Question: How do you specify text content for an element in DTD that should be parsed (with entities processed)?
Answer: You use #PCDATA in the element declaration, for example, <!ELEMENT phone (#PCDATA)>.
Card 8
Question: How do you specify content in DTD that should not be parsed (e.g., HTML or JavaScript)?
Answer: CDATA denotes unparsed text (character data) that the parser will not process as tags or entities.
Card 9
Question: What quantifiers does DTD support for the number of element occurrences, and what do they mean?
Answer: * means zero or more, + means one or more, ? means zero or one; if no quantifier is specified, exactly one is required.
Card 10
Question: Provide an example of an element declaration with quantifiers (buildings, address, student, brewery).
Answer: <!ELEMENT university (building+, address, student*, brewery?)> means: at least one building, exactly one address, zero or more students, and optionall