Flashcards on Introduction to Statistical Fundamentals
Introduction to Statistical Fundamentals: A Student Guide
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Statistical Methods
23 cards
Card 1
Question: What is the primary goal of descriptive statistics?
Answer: To describe or summarize data (e.g., using mean, median, mode, charts and graphs).
Card 2
Question: Give an example of descriptive statistics with student scores.
Answer: Scores of 60 students: 95, 90, 85, 80 — you would summarize using mean, median, mode or charts.
Card 3
Question: What does inferential statistics allow you to do?
Answer: Make predictions or draw conclusions about a larger population based on data from a sample.
Card 4
Question: Provide a simple example of inferential statistics from a school survey.
Answer: Ask 50 students about favourite lunch; 40 like pizza → infer that many students in the whole school probably like pizza.
Card 5
Question: Name four key tools of inferential statistics mentioned.
Answer: Hypothesis testing (e.g., t-test, Chi-square), confidence intervals, regression analysis, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance).
Card 6
Question: What is hypothesis testing used for?
Answer: To decide if a result is real or due to chance (e.g., whether a new medicine actually worked).
Card 7
Question: What is a confidence interval?
Answer: A range of values where we believe the true parameter lies (e.g., we're 96% sure the average height is between two values).
Card 8
Question: What does regression analysis show?
Answer: The relationship between variables (e.g., whether studying more leads to higher test scores).
Card 9
Question: What is ANOVA used for?
Answer: Comparing more than two groups to see if they differ (e.g., do different teaching methods lead to different exam scores?).
Card 10
Question: Define a discrete random variable.
Answer: A variable that can take only specific, usually whole-number values (countable). Examples: number of cars, number of defective items).