Flashcards on Fundamentals of Research Methodology and Statistics
Fundamentals of Research Methodology and Statistics Guide
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Statistics
40 cards
Card 1
Question: What is descriptive statistics?
Answer: Methods used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset, providing a snapshot of the data without making inferences to a larger populati
Card 2
Question: Name three examples of measures used in descriptive statistics.
Answer: Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), measures of dispersion (range, variance, standard deviation, interquartile range), and graphical re
Card 3
Question: Why are descriptive statistics important?
Answer: They are essential for understanding basic characteristics of collected data, identifying patterns, and preparing data for further analysis; they prov
Card 4
Question: What is inferential statistics?
Answer: Methods used to make inferences or draw conclusions about a population based on data from a sample, estimating how likely observed sample patterns rep
Card 5
Question: Give examples of common inferential statistics techniques.
Answer: Hypothesis testing (t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square tests), confidence intervals, regression analysis, and correlation analysis.
Card 6
Question: Why are inferential statistics important?
Answer: They allow generalization of findings beyond the sample, help determine statistical significance of effects, and support conclusions about a populatio
Card 7
Question: What are the four main levels of measurement?
Answer: Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio (the content provided describes the first two explicitly: nominal and ordinal).
Card 8
Question: Describe the nominal scale and give examples and appropriate statistics.
Answer: Categorical data where numbers are labels with no inherent order. Examples: Gender (1=Male, 2=Female), Marital Status (1=Single, 2=Married, 3=Divorced
Card 9
Question: Describe the ordinal scale and give examples.
Answer: Categorical data that can be ordered or ranked but intervals between categories are not necessarily equal or meaningful. Examples: Educational Level (
Card 10
Question: How does the level of measurement affect statistical analysis?
Answer: The level of measurement determines which statistical analyses are appropriate to use on a variable.