Flashcards on Flap Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
Flap Pathophysiology & Pharmacology for Students
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Pharmacology
34 cards
Card 1
Question: Which vasoconstricting and prothrombotic substances are reported to be elevated in skin flap surgery due to surgical trauma?
Answer: Norepinephrine (NE), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), serotonin (5‑HT), and endothelin‑1 (ET‑1).
Card 2
Question: What pharmacologic strategies were historically targeted to augment skin flap viability?
Answer: Vasodilation and antithrombosis using agents such as α‑adrenoreceptor antagonists, drugs depleting catecholamines, drugs preventing catecholamine rele
Card 3
Question: Why has research focused on drug therapy as an alternative to the surgical delay procedure for improving flap viability?
Answer: Because the surgical delay procedure is costly and time‑consuming, prompting research into drugs that can augment blood flow and viability more conven
Card 4
Question: Which recent pharmacologic focuses are mentioned for augmenting flap viability?
Answer: Recent research has focused on vasodilation, antithrombosis, and inhibition of neutrophil adherence and accumulation.
Card 5
Question: What effect did the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin have in mouse dorsal random-pattern skin flaps?
Answer: Endostatin inhibited ischemia‑induced microvascular density and reduced viability of the skin flaps.
Card 6
Question: How do investigators propose to use endostatin in future flap surgery research?
Answer: Endostatin can be used to investigate the role of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in surgical delay in skin flap surgery in laboratory animals.
Card 7
Question: Which angiogenic cytokines were studied for augmenting pedicle flap viability?
Answer: VEGF (particularly VEGF165), FGF, and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF).
Card 8
Question: How did local VEGF165 affect skin flap viability in rat models when given at surgery?
Answer: Subdermal VEGF165 at the time of surgery attenuated pedicle skin flap ischemic necrosis in a dose-dependent manner by inducing synthesis/release of ni
Card 9
Question: What is the reported potency of VEGF165 as a skin vasodilator compared with acetylcholine in pig skin flaps?
Answer: VEGF165 was reported to be seven times more potent than acetylcholine in inducing skin vasodilation in isolated perfused pig island buttock skin flaps
Card 10
Question: What are the biological half-lives of VEGF165 in normoxic versus hypoxic conditions?
Answer: Approximately 30–45 minutes in normoxic conditions and 6–8 hours in hypoxic conditions.