Test on Facial Transplantation: Surgical and Postoperative Care

Question 1: For all face transplant patients, HLA matching is always a mandatory requirement, regardless of their sensitization status.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Face transplant only necessitates blood type compatibility. HLA matching is a necessity specifically in the case of patients who are sensitized, such as those who have received a cadaver allograft or blood transfusion.

Question 2: Which of the following are crucial aspects evaluated during the psychological assessment for potential face transplant candidates?

A. The patient's capacity to adapt to their disfigurement.

B. The patient's ability to commit to lifelong post-transplant treatment.

C. The presence of psychiatric disorders like psychological instability or borderline personalities.

D. The specific cause of the patient's disfigurement.

Explanation: The psychological evaluation is a key element for enlistment, assessing the patient's capacity to adapt to their disfigurement and their ability to follow a lifelong treatment. Psychological instability, borderline personalities, addiction, and any psychiatric disorder that might create doubt in the patient's capacity to understand or follow treatment are considered contraindications. The cause of disfigurement, such as a self-inflicted gunshot, is not a contraindication as long as the patient has psychological stability.

Question 3: Dissection on a beating heart donor assists in the identification of small vascular branches that could bleed if not correctly coagulated during the harvest procedure.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that "Dissection on a beating heart donor helps to identify small vascular branches that could bleed if not correctly coagulated at the time of harvest."

Question 4: The thyrolingofacial trunk is never utilized for venous anastomosis in facial transplant procedures.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Venous end-to-end anastomoses are performed on the thyrolingofacial trunks and on the external jugular when available. Additionally, if no superficial vein is available, the thyrolingofacial trunk can be anastomosed end-to-side on the external jugular.

Question 5: According to the study materials, which areas are dissected on a subperiosteal plane during a facial transplant harvest?

A. The anterior edge of the masseter muscle, the horizontal branch of the mandible, the malar bone, and the zygoma

B. The scalp, from backwards to forwards, as in a coronal approach

C. The deep portion where the facial artery runs

D. The hypoglossal nerve and the posterior part of the digastric muscle

Explanation: The study materials specify that 'At the anterior edge of the masseter muscle, the dissection plane is subperiosteal at the level of the horizontal branch of the mandible and on the malar bone and the zygoma.' It also states that 'The scalp is dissected on a subperiosteal plane from backwards to forwards, as in a coronal approach.' The other options describe different dissection aspects or structures that are divided, not areas dissected on a subperiosteal plane.