Test on Facial Transplantation: Comprehensive Medical Overview

Question 1: Acute rejection is an almost inevitable occurrence after the induction phase of immunosuppressive therapy in face transplant patients, typically when T-lymphocyte rates recover around 3 weeks.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Acute rejection is almost inevitable after the induction phase, when the rate of T-lymphocytes recovers at 3 weeks.

Question 2: According to the study materials, for which specific patient groups or situations are ethical questions explicitly raised in the context of face transplantation?

A. Children

B. Teenagers

C. Emergency cases

D. Patients with previous cadaveric skin grafts

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state: "Ethical questions are raised for patients who are children, teenagers, and for emergency cases." Patients with previous cadaveric skin grafts are discussed in the context of immunological presensitization, not as a group raising explicit ethical questions.

Question 3: Extracorporeal chemo-phototherapy (ECP) induces apoptosis in leukocytes through UVA radiation following psoralen pretreatment, subsequently leading to their engulfment by antigen-presenting cells.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that the principle of ECP is to induce apoptosis with UVA radiation after psoralen presentation. These apoptotic leukocytes are then engulfed by macrophages or other antigen-presenting cells in an anti-inflammatory environment, leading to anergy by deleting effector T-cells.

Question 4: Which three drugs comprise the standard tri-therapy regimen used following induction in composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA)?

A. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus (FK506), and steroids

B. Valganciclovir, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and mycophenolate mofetil

C. Thymoglobulin (TG), tacrolimus (FK506), and prednisolone

D. Extracorporeal chemo-phototherapy (ECP), mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids

Explanation: According to the study materials, the standard treatment in CTA begins with induction, which is then followed by a tri-therapy combining mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and FK506 (tacrolimus) and steroids.

Question 5: For eyelid transplants, bone fixation and suturing are performed prior to creating a dacryocystorhinostomy.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The creation of a dacryocystorhinostomy and the passage of lacrimal duct catheters should be done before suturing and fixing the bone during an eyelid transplant.