Summary of English Language Unit: Jobs and Future

## Introduction This guide explains two key topics from the unit: **phrasal verbs** and the **Be going to** structure for expressing future plans in English. It's designed for high school students and presents rules, practical examples, and exercises for practice. > Definition: A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or adverb that changes the meaning of the base verb. > Definition: The **be going to** structure is used to talk about future plans or predictions based on present evidence. ## Part 1: Grammar — Be going to (future plans) ### Basic Structure The general form is: subject + verb 'to be' + going to + base form of the verb. - Affirmative: subject + am/is/are + going to + verb - I am going to study. - He is going to play. - We are going to travel. - Negative: subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb - I am not going to study. - She is not going to study. - Interrogative: am/is/are + subject + going to + verb ? - Are you going to study? — Yes, I am. - Am I going to study? — Yes, you are. ### Usage and Nuances - Intended plans: I am going to visit my aunt next weekend. - Predictions with evidence: Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. > Note: In spoken English, contractions are used for brevity: I’m, he’s, we’re. ### Comparison Table (Be going to vs Present Continuous for the future) | Usage | Be going to | Present Continuous | |---|---:|---:| | Plans/intentions | Yes | Yes (fixed plans) | | Predictions based on evidence | Yes | Not necessarily | | Bookings and firm schedules | No | Yes (My flight leaves at 6) | ### Practical Examples - Affirmative: My sister is going to study at Oxford University. - Negative: I am not going to buy a car tomorrow. - Interrogative: Are we going to spend our holidays in Switzerland next year? Fun fact: Did you know that "going to" comes from the construction of the verb "go," which originally implied movement and over time became a future marker in spoken English? ### Activity: Order the words and write the correct form 1. going / our / holidays / next / we / spend / Switzerland / in - Answer: We are going to spend our holidays in Switzerland next year (or) We’re going to spend our holidays in Switzerland next year. 2. friend / going / me / to / not / my / visit / best / Sunday / next - Answer: My best friend is not going to visit me next Sunday. 3. buy / car / not / I / going / a / to / tomorrow - Answer: I am not going to buy a car tomorrow. 4. Oxford University / going / at / to / sister / my / study / law - Answer: My sister is going to study law at Oxford University. ## Part 2: Phrasal Verbs > Definition: A phrasal verb combines a verb with a preposition or adverb, and its meaning can be literal or idiomatic. Useful List (English — Spanish): - climb up: to climb - check in: to check in / to register - go back: to go back / to return - grow up: to grow up - hang around: to hang out / to spend time - look after: to look after / to take care of (someone or something) - look for: to look for / to search for - put up: to put up / to accommodate / to assert (depending on context) - take off: to take off (clothes) / to take off (plane) ### Usage with Examples - I will look after my baby brother today. (Today I will look after my little brother.) - Don’t take off your sweater; it’s cold. (Don't take off your sweater; it's cold.) - We can’t check in at the hotel before 10 a.m. (We can't check in before 10 a.m.) - Teenagers often hang around with friends. (Teenagers often hang out with friends.) - When are you going back to your hometown? (When are you going back to your hometown?) ### Exercise: Complete the Sentences 1. I can't go out with you because I'm looking after my baby brother today. My parents are not home. 2. It's cold. Don't take off your sweater. 3. It's not easy to put up a tent. You must follow the instructions carefully. 4. Let's have breakfast in a café because we can't check in at our hotel before 10 am. 5. When are