Summary of English-Czech Thematic Vocabulary
English-Czech Thematic Vocabulary: Weather, City & Phrasal Verbs
Introduction
Weather and natural disasters shape daily life and the environment. This guide collects essential vocabulary related to weather, climate change, and natural hazards, explains meanings and usage, and gives practical examples to help you remember terms and use them in context.
Basic weather vocabulary
Common weather nouns and adjectives
Definition: Words that describe atmospheric conditions or appearances.
- rain (n, v) /reɪn/ — precipitation in liquid drops. Example: "It may rain this afternoon."
- snow (n, v) /snəʊ/ — frozen precipitation in flakes. Example: "Snow covered the street overnight."
- sunny (adj) /sʌni/ — bright with sunlight. Example: "A sunny day is good for a picnic."
- cloudy (adj) /'klaʊdi/ — covered with clouds. Example: "Cloudy skies can bring cooler temperatures."
- windy (adj) /ˈwɪndi/ — with strong wind. Example: "It's too windy to fly a kite."
- foggy / misty (adj) /'fɒgi/, /mɪsti/ — low visibility due to water droplets. Example: "The morning was misty along the river."
- frost / frosty (n, adj) /frɒst/, /frøsti/ — ice crystals on surfaces when temperatures drop below freezing. Example: "Frost on the grass overnight killed some plants."
- hail (n, v) /heil/ — pellets of ice that fall during storms. Example: "The hail dented cars in the parking lot."
Temperature and related terms
Definition: Words that describe heat, cold, and surface conditions.
- ice (n) /aɪs/ — frozen water. "Be careful walking on ice."
- surface temperature (n) /sɔːfɪs ˌtemprə(ˈfə(r)/ — temperature at the Earth's surface. Useful in weather reports and climate studies.
- shine / sunshine (v, n) /faɪn/, /sʌnfaɪn/ — sunlight and the act of emitting light. Example: "Sunshine increases surface temperature."
Natural disasters and extreme events
Storms, floods and related hazards
Definition: Severe weather phenomena that can cause damage and risk to life.
- storm / stormy (n, adj) /stɔ:m/, /stɔ:mi/ — strong winds often with rain. Example: "Prepare for a storm this weekend."
- thunder / lightning / thunderstorm /θʌndər/, /laɪtnɪŋ/, /θʌndəstɔ:m/ — thunder is the sound after lightning; thunderstorms combine thunder, lightning and heavy rain. Example: "A thunderstorm can cause power outages."
- hail storm (n) /heilstɔ:m/ — a storm with hail. "The hail storm damaged roofs."
- flood (n) /flʌd/ — an overflow of water onto normally dry land. "Floods can happen after heavy rain or when rivers overflow."
- mudslide / landslide / avalanche (n) /mʌdslæd/, /'ævəlɑːnʃ/ — rapid movement of earth, mud or snow down a slope. "Heavy rain can trigger a mudslide."
Geological events
Definition: Events caused by Earth's internal processes.
- earthquake (n) /'ɜːθkweɪk/ — sudden shaking of the ground. "Earthquakes can damage buildings and roads."
- volcanic eruption (n) /vɒlˌkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃn/ — explosion of magma, ash and gases from a volcano. "Ash from a volcanic eruption can disrupt air travel."
- tsunami (n) /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ — a large sea wave caused by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake. "Coastal areas may be evacuated before a tsunami arrives."
Long-term environmental issues
Definition: Processes and human impacts that change climate and ecosystems over time.
- global warming / climate change (n) /ɡlædθ 'w:zmɪŋ/, /'klaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ — long-term increase in Earth's average temperature and related shifts in climate patterns. "Reducing greenhouse gases helps slow global warming."
- greenhouse gases (n) /ɡrɪmhaʊs 'gæsɪz/ — gases like CO₂ that trap heat in the atmosphere. "Cars and factories emit greenhouse gases."
- fossil fuels (n) /'fɒsl fjuːəlz/ — coal, oil and gas formed from ancient organic matter; burning them releases CO₂. "Switching to renewable energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels."
- sea level (n) /siː lev/ — average height of the ocean surface; rising sea level is a consequen
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Weather & Natural Disasters
Klíčová slova: Weather and Natural Disasters Vocabulary
Klíčové pojmy: Learn common weather nouns and adjectives like rain, snow, windy, Understand extreme-event terms: thunderstorm, flood, tsunami, avalanche, Distinguish short-lived events (storms) from long-term changes (global warming), Memorize verbs and phrasal verbs used in weather contexts (blow, heat up, run out), Know infrastructure vocabulary: traffic light, lamp post, fire hydrant, Follow practical safety steps for storms, earthquakes and tsunamis, Use renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change, Practice pronunciation by saying words aloud and using them in sentences, Check surface temperature and forecasts before travel, Secure outdoor items and avoid driving during hail or heavy rain
## Introduction
Weather and natural disasters shape daily life and the environment. This guide collects essential vocabulary related to weather, climate change, and natural hazards, explains meanings and usage, and gives practical examples to help you remember terms and use them in context.
## Basic weather vocabulary
### Common weather nouns and adjectives
> **Definition:** Words that describe atmospheric conditions or appearances.
- **rain (n, v)** /reɪn/ — precipitation in liquid drops. Example: "It may rain this afternoon."
- **snow (n, v)** /snəʊ/ — frozen precipitation in flakes. Example: "Snow covered the street overnight."
- **sunny (adj)** /sʌni/ — bright with sunlight. Example: "A sunny day is good for a picnic."
- **cloudy (adj)** /'klaʊdi/ — covered with clouds. Example: "Cloudy skies can bring cooler temperatures."
- **windy (adj)** /ˈwɪndi/ — with strong wind. Example: "It's too windy to fly a kite."
- **foggy / misty (adj)** /'fɒgi/, /mɪsti/ — low visibility due to water droplets. Example: "The morning was misty along the river."
- **frost / frosty (n, adj)** /frɒst/, /frøsti/ — ice crystals on surfaces when temperatures drop below freezing. Example: "Frost on the grass overnight killed some plants."
- **hail (n, v)** /heil/ — pellets of ice that fall during storms. Example: "The hail dented cars in the parking lot."
### Temperature and related terms
> **Definition:** Words that describe heat, cold, and surface conditions.
- **ice (n)** /aɪs/ — frozen water. "Be careful walking on ice."
- **surface temperature (n)** /sɔːfɪs ˌtemprə(ˈfə(r)/ — temperature at the Earth's surface. Useful in weather reports and climate studies.
- **shine / sunshine (v, n)** /faɪn/, /sʌnfaɪn/ — sunlight and the act of emitting light. Example: "Sunshine increases surface temperature."
## Natural disasters and extreme events
### Storms, floods and related hazards
> **Definition:** Severe weather phenomena that can cause damage and risk to life.
- **storm / stormy (n, adj)** /stɔ:m/, /stɔ:mi/ — strong winds often with rain. Example: "Prepare for a storm this weekend."
- **thunder / lightning / thunderstorm** /θʌndər/, /laɪtnɪŋ/, /θʌndəstɔ:m/ — thunder is the sound after lightning; thunderstorms combine thunder, lightning and heavy rain. Example: "A thunderstorm can cause power outages."
- **hail storm (n)** /heilstɔ:m/ — a storm with hail. "The hail storm damaged roofs."
- **flood (n)** /flʌd/ — an overflow of water onto normally dry land. "Floods can happen after heavy rain or when rivers overflow."
- **mudslide / landslide / avalanche (n)** /mʌdslæd/, /'ævəlɑːnʃ/ — rapid movement of earth, mud or snow down a slope. "Heavy rain can trigger a mudslide."
### Geological events
> **Definition:** Events caused by Earth's internal processes.
- **earthquake (n)** /'ɜːθkweɪk/ — sudden shaking of the ground. "Earthquakes can damage buildings and roads."
- **volcanic eruption (n)** /vɒlˌkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃn/ — explosion of magma, ash and gases from a volcano. "Ash from a volcanic eruption can disrupt air travel."
- **tsunami (n)** /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ — a large sea wave caused by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake. "Coastal areas may be evacuated before a tsunami arrives."
### Long-term environmental issues
> **Definition:** Processes and human impacts that change climate and ecosystems over time.
- **global warming / climate change (n)** /ɡlædθ 'w:zmɪŋ/, /'klaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ — long-term increase in Earth's average temperature and related shifts in climate patterns. "Reducing greenhouse gases helps slow global warming."
- **greenhouse gases (n)** /ɡrɪmhaʊs 'gæsɪz/ — gases like CO₂ that trap heat in the atmosphere. "Cars and factories emit greenhouse gases."
- **fossil fuels (n)** /'fɒsl fjuːəlz/ — coal, oil and gas formed from ancient organic matter; burning them releases CO₂. "Switching to renewable energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels."
- **sea level (n)** /siː lev/ — average height of the ocean surface; rising sea level is a consequen