Master English Auxiliary Verbs: Be, Have, Do (Grammar Guide)
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16 cards
Question: In British English, how are negatives formed with HAVE when it means 'possess' and which form is more common: haven't/hadn't or do/does/did + not?
Answer: Negatives are formed with the operators do, does, did + not (e.g., I do not have, He did not have); these are more common than haven't/hadn't for poss
Question: Can HAVE (meaning 'possess') use inversion and 'not' with HAVE GOT? Give an example of a question and a negative.
Answer: Yes. With HAVE GOT you can use inversion and not: Question: "Have you got a new coat?" Negative: "I haven't got a car."
Question: When HAVE expresses actions like eat, drink, enjoy, take, or experience, is it stative or dynamic and can it appear in progressive forms?
Answer: It is a dynamic verb and can be used in progressive forms of all tenses (e.g., "I am having coffee").
Question: Can 'have got' replace HAVE when HAVE is used as a dynamic verb (e.g., 'have a coffee')?
Answer: No. 'Have got' can never replace HAVE used as a dynamic verb.
Question: How must questions and negatives be formed when HAVE means 'enjoy/take' (a lexical/dynamic verb) in the simple present and simple past?
Answer: They must be formed with do, does, did: "Do you have sugar?" "I didn't have a nice trip." There are no contracted forms of HAVE in these tenses.
Question: What are the simple present perfect forms of HAVE when it means 'take' (i.e., the verb phrase 'have had')?
Answer: have had, has had; negatives: haven't had, hasn't had.
Question: What are the forms of the simple past perfect with HAVE?
Answer: had had (affirmative) and hadn't had (negative).
Question: How is HAVE + determiner + noun used to express performing an activity? Give three examples.
Answer: It expresses performing the activity: to swim → to have a swim; to ride → to have a ride; to smoke → to have a smoke (also: to have a rest, to have a
Question: What is the main grammatical role of the auxiliary DO?
Answer: DO is a neutral dummy operator with no independent meaning; it functions as an auxiliary in negation, question formation, tags, emphasis, and certain
Question: List the principal forms of the auxiliary DO including contracted negatives.
Answer: Present: do / does; Negative contractions: don't (do not), doesn't (does not). Past: did; Negative contraction: didn't (did not).