Flashcards on Comprehensive Overview of Choroidal Diseases
Comprehensive Overview of Choroidal Diseases for Students
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Choroidal tumors
96 cards
Card 1
Question: What is the approximate prevalence of choroidal nevus in the population and which race is it most common in?
Answer: Prevalence ~5% in the population; most common in white race, rarely seen in black skin.
Card 2
Question: When does a choroidal nevus typically develop and what is the significance of growth in adulthood?
Answer: Develops during early life with growth in adolescence/early adulthood; growth in adulthood is highly suspicious for melanoma.
Card 3
Question: List the typical clinical features of a choroidal nevus.
Answer: Benign, flat or minimally elevated (≤2 mm), usually asymptomatic, commonly green (can be gray/light brown), may be amelanotic, borders variable, may h
Card 4
Question: What are the diagnostic size and thickness criteria for a choroidal nevus vs what thresholds raise suspicion for melanoma?
Answer: Nevus size 1–5 mm (minimum ~1 mm); thickness/elevation ≤1–2 mm. Anything >5 mm in diameter or >2 mm thickness is highly suspicious for melanoma.
Card 5
Question: What findings on B-scan ultrasound and FA support the diagnosis of a choroidal nevus?
Answer: B-scan: hyper-reflective, flat appearance with no elevation and preserved choroidal vasculature. FA: hypofluorescent (choroid becomes black/hypofluore
Card 6
Question: What is an atypical choroidal nevus?
Answer: Rare (~2 cases in practice); very light brown/amarginal without pigment and surrounded by a characteristic halo.
Card 7
Question: How is a red-green filter used to evaluate choroidal lesions?
Answer: Green filter does not penetrate the choroid; red filter penetrates and shows choroidal lesions—useful to distinguish choroidal lesions from RPE lesion
Card 8
Question: List key epidemiologic features of choroidal melanoma (incidence, age, race, gender).
Answer: Incidence ~1 per 2,000 population; occurs in middle age/adulthood (≥35–40 years); predominantly in white race; no gender predilection.
Card 9
Question: What cellular compositions affect prognosis in choroidal melanoma?
Answer: More epithelioid cells = worse prognosis; spindle cell predominance = better prognosis; mixed depends on epithelioid percentage.
Card 10
Question: Which chromosomal abnormalities are associated with worse prognosis in choroidal melanoma?
Answer: Chromosome 3 and chromosome 8 defects are associated with increased metastatic potential.