Test on Comparison of bacteria, viruses and fungi

Question 1: Viruses are composed of cells and can independently carry out their own metabolic processes.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: Viruses are acellular, meaning they are not composed of cells. They lack cellular organelles and therefore cannot carry out metabolic processes or reproduce independently, relying instead on host cell machinery.

Question 2: Based on the provided study materials, which statement accurately describes the typical size of viruses?

A. Viruses are typically larger than bacteria, ranging from 0.5-5 micrometers.

B. Viruses are significantly smaller than bacteria, measuring about 20-300 nanometers, where a nanometer is one-thousandth of a micrometer.

C. Viruses are comparable in size to yeasts, ranging from 3-10 micrometers.

D. Viruses are macroscopic, meaning they are visible to the naked eye.

Explanation: The study materials state that viruses are 'significantly smaller than bacteria, typically ranging from about 20 to 300 nanometers (nm) in diameter. A nanometer is one-thousandth of a micrometer.' This directly supports option 1. Option 0 describes bacteria size, option 2 describes yeast size, and option 3 describes molds, all contradicting the information about viruses.

Question 3: Plasmids are circular DNA molecules in bacteria that can carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The study materials state that 'Many bacteria also contain smaller, circular DNA molecules called plasmids, which can carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other traits.'

Question 4: The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The study materials state that the rigid cell wall of bacteria is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, not cellulose.

Question 5: Based on the provided study materials, which statement accurately describes antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

A. Antibiotic resistance is typically treated by inhibiting the growth of host cells.

B. Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in the treatment of bacterial infections.

C. Plasmids are the sole mechanism by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance.

D. Antibiotic resistance primarily aids bacteria in nutrient cycling and decomposition.

Explanation: The study materials state, 'However, antibiotic resistance is a growing concern.' It also mentions that plasmids 'can carry genes for antibiotic resistance,' but does not state they are the sole mechanism. The materials do not link antibiotic resistance to inhibiting host cells or to nutrient cycling and decomposition.