Flashcards on Biotechnologically Engineered Plants
Biotechnologically Engineered Plants: Molecular Markers Guide
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Applied Plant Biotechnology
351 cards
Card 1
Question: What was the goal of modifying the oil composition in some oilseed plants using applied plant biotechnology?
Answer: To alter the fatty acid composition to favor those more compatible with human health.
Card 2
Question: What is the purpose of enriching rice endosperm with pro-vitamin A?
Answer: To offer nutritional hope for low-income populations by increasing provitamin A in rice.
Card 3
Question: What transgenic strategy was used to delay tomato ripening?
Answer: Altering the synthesis of ethylene, the crucial hormone in fruit ripening.
Card 4
Question: How was softening delayed and storage time extended in strawberries using plant biotechnology?
Answer: By incorporating antisense sequences of the gene encoding pectate lyase, thereby reducing its expression.
Card 5
Question: Which plant biotechnology application aims to immunize low-income child populations against infections?
Answer: Inducing the synthesis of antigens in plants (plant-based vaccines) to immunize against bronchial or intestinal infections.
Card 6
Question: Why can the identification of QTLs in plants be limited in its practical use?
Answer: Because QTLs identify genetic effects that can be linked to many genes and do not detect epistatic interactions between loci.
Card 7
Question: What challenge does the genome size of some trees (e.g., Pinaceae) add to the use of QTLs and genetic studies?
Answer: Many trees have genomes several times larger than humans (e.g., ~20 billion base pairs), which complicates the identification and management of genes
Card 8
Question: How can high-resolution genetic maps and mutagenesis experiments enhance QTL analysis?
Answer: They can strengthen the relationship between candidate genes and the effects detected by QTLs, facilitating the identification of responsible genes.
Card 9
Question: What is synteny and how is it applied in plant biotechnology?
Answer: Synteny compares gene maps between species to evaluate gene function based on sequence similarity and DNA positions.
Card 10
Question: According to the text, what is chimeraplasty and what does it allow us to visualize?
Answer: A method of inserting DNA/RNA segments into a plant cell to induce and visualize mutations of a specific gene.