Test on Biological Systems and Regulation

Question 1: Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron.

Question 2: According to the study materials, when is a new electrical impulse generated in the second neuron?

A. Before neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic gap.

B. When neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap.

C. After neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron.

D. Prior to any neurotransmitter release or binding.

Explanation: The study materials state: '3) The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic gap. 4) They bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron 5) A new electrical impulse is generated in the second neurone.' This sequence indicates that the generation of a new electrical impulse occurs after the neurotransmitters have bound to the receptors on the next neuron.

Question 3: Adrenaline causes the heart rate to slow down, preparing the body for a calm state.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Adrenaline prepares the body for fight or flight, and one of its effects is that the heart beats faster, not slower.

Question 4: Which statement accurately describes the iris reflex in dim light conditions, according to the provided study materials?

A. The circular muscles contract, and the pupil becomes smaller to prevent too much light from entering.

B. The radical muscles contract, and the pupil becomes larger to allow more light to enter the eye.

C. Both circular and radical muscles relax, causing the pupil to remain unchanged.

D. The iris is the part of the eye that contains muscles, but it does not play a role in light regulation in dim conditions.

Explanation: According to the study materials, in dim light, 'circular muscles relax, radical muscles contract pupil becomes larger. This allows more light to enter the eye.' Therefore, the radical muscles contract, and the pupil becomes larger.

Question 5: When focusing on nearby objects, the ligaments tighten.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: According to the study materials, when focusing on nearby objects, the ligaments loosen, rather than tighten.