Test on Biogenic Elements and Electrolyte Homeostasis

Question 1: Semimetals are also referred to as poor metals.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Semimetals are equivalent to metalloids. Poor metals are equivalent to basic metals, other metals, or post-transition metals.

Question 2: Which term is synonymous with 'semimetals'?

A. basic metals

B. poor metals

C. metalloids

D. post-transition metals

Explanation: The study material explicitly states that 'semimetals = metalloids', indicating they are synonymous terms.

Question 3: The reabsorption of phosphate is stimulated by parathyroid hormone and glucocorticoids.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials state that the reabsorption of phosphate is inhibited by parathyroid hormone and glucocorticoids, not stimulated.

Question 4: According to the provided study materials, which of the following methods are typically used in the diagnosis or treatment of an electrolyte imbalance?

A. Identifying and treating the underlying problem, intravenous fluids, and specific diet changes for minor imbalances.

B. A physical examination by a healthcare provider, along with urine and blood test results.

C. Prescribing antibiotics for all types of electrolyte imbalances to prevent infections.

D. An EKG, ultrasound, or x-ray of the kidneys, if other abnormalities or kidney problems are present.

Explanation: The study materials state that treatment involves identifying and treating the underlying problem, intravenous fluids, electrolyte replacement, and diet changes for minor imbalances. Diagnosis is based on history of symptoms, physical examination, urine and blood test results. Further testing like EKG, ultrasound, or x-ray of kidneys may be suggested if other abnormalities or kidney problems are present. Prescribing antibiotics for all types of electrolyte imbalances is not mentioned as a general treatment strategy in the materials.

Question 5: Pseudohyponatremia is characterized by a true decrease in the sodium concentration within the aqueous portion of the serum.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: Pseudohyponatremia occurs when there is an increase in the nonaqueous portion of the serum, such as with hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia. It is not a true hyponatremia, since the sodium concentration in the aqueous portion of the serum remains normal.