Test on Bacteria, viruses and fungi

Question 1: The final step in viral replication, before new virus particles are released, involves the virus attaching to specific receptors on the host cell surface.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The final step before release is Assembly, where new viral genetic material and proteins are assembled into new virus particles. Attachment is the first step in the replication process, not the final one before release.

Question 2: According to the provided study materials, which component primarily makes up the cell walls of fungi, differentiating them from bacteria?

A. Peptidoglycan

B. Cellulose

C. Chitin

D. Lipid bilayer

Explanation: The study materials state that fungal cell walls are primarily made of chitin, a tough polysaccharide. It also explicitly mentions that this is different from the peptidoglycan found in bacteria or cellulose in plants.

Question 3: Bacteria reproduce sexually via binary fission.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission, where a single bacterium divides into two identical daughter cells. The study materials do not describe any sexual reproduction in bacteria.

Question 4: Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary genetic material found within a bacterial nucleoid?

A. It consists of multiple linear chromosomes enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

B. It is composed of a single, circular chromosome not enclosed by a membrane.

C. It contains small, circular DNA molecules called plasmids, enclosed within a specialized organelle.

D. It is primarily responsible for protein synthesis, along with ribosomes.

Explanation: Bacterial DNA is usually a single, circular chromosome located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane. Plasmids are additional genetic material, but the primary chromosome is in the nucleoid. Ribosomes, not the nucleoid, are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 5: COVID-19 is listed as a viral disease in the study materials.

A. Yes

B. No

Explanation: The study materials explicitly mention COVID-19 as one of the conditions for which viruses are responsible.