A dvanced English Grammar: Structure & Usage for Students
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32 cards
Question: What is the definition of active voice (podmět je konatelem děje)?
Answer: The subject performs the action; the subject is the doer of the verb (e.g., 'She writes a letter').
Question: When can lexical verbs be used in the active voice?
Answer: All lexical verbs can be used in the active voice.
Question: What is the passive voice in simple terms?
Answer: The subject is not active; the action is received by the subject rather than performed by it.
Question: Which verbs can form passive constructions in English?
Answer: All transitive verbs can be used in the passive in English.
Question: What defines a transitive verb?
Answer: A transitive verb takes a direct object (it binds to a direct object).
Question: Give the basic English passive form structure.
Answer: To be + past participle (e.g., 'written' = 'napsaný').
Question: Why is passive more frequent in English than in Czech, according to the notes?
Answer: English lacks case endings to show theme/rheme, so passive is used to place known information (theme) at the start; Czech can mark roles by case, so p
Question: Why is theme–rheme structure relevant to using the passive in English?
Answer: We start with what we know (theme) and put new information at the end (rheme); passive lets the known information become the sentence subject and appe
Question: Why can't you make a passive from intransitive verbs? Give an example from the notes.
Answer: Intransitive verbs have no direct object to become the subject of a passive. Example: 'Venku je tma' has no object, so no passive form.
Question: How does Czech restriction on passive formation differ from English?
Answer: Czech allows passive only with direct non-prepositional objects (accusative); English can passivize all transitive verbs, including those with indirec