Test on Academic Writing and Referencing

Question 1: Did the enlargement of the EU confirm the satisfactory ability of existing poverty indicators to accurately compare living standards between older and New Member States?

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The enlargement of the EU provoked concern about the ability of the current portfolio of indicators to satisfactorily reflect the situation of the New Member States and facilitate meaningful comparison between them and the 'old' Member States, according to Guio (2005).

Question 2: According to the study materials, what is proposed regarding an EU-wide measure of poverty?

A. It should completely replace all nationally relative measures of poverty.

B. It should be developed to complement, rather than replace, existing nationally relative measures.

C. It is already the primary ‘at risk of poverty’ indicator used across all EU member states.

D. It is exclusively intended to measure poverty within the 'New Member States' due to their unique economic situations.

Explanation: Fahey (2007) argues for the development of an EU-wide measure alongside nationally relative measures, indicating it would be an additional tool rather than a replacement.

Question 3: The provided text indicates that the increase in men's contribution to housework has led to the elimination of pronounced gender inequalities in time-use.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The text states that 'pronounced gender inequalities in time-use persist' and that 'the bulk of unpaid housework and care activities are still predominantly performed by women, even though men’s relative contribution has increased in most countries'. This indicates that while men's contribution has increased, it has not eliminated the pronounced gender inequalities.

Question 4: According to the provided text, what has been a notable trend regarding average annual working hours in advanced economies since the 1970s?

A. They have generally increased due to longer career spans.

B. They have remained stable, with no significant changes observed.

C. They have seen reductions, contributing to a substantial increase in ‘free time’.

D. They have only decreased for men, while women's working hours have increased.

Explanation: The text explicitly states, 'Reductions in average annual working hours have also been achieved' and 'There has also been a substantial increase in the amount of ‘free time’ in societies over many decades,' indicating a direct link between the reduction in working hours and increased free time. The text does not support the other options.

Question 5: Indian innovation hubs generate positive knowledge spillovers to other regions.

A. Ano

B. Ne

Explanation: The study materials explicitly state that "Indian innovation hubs also generate positive knowledge spillovers to other regions."